Nilai, Sikap dan Amalan Pegawai Kanan Institut Pengajian Tinggi Terhadap Program Pembangunan Usahawan Siswa (THE VALUE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF INSTITUTE OF HIGHER LEARNING'S SENIOR OFFICIALS TOWARDS GRADUATE ENTREPRENEUR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In recent years, entrepreneurship education in higher education around the world is becoming increasingly popular. In Malaysia, entrepreneurship education becomes important in a short time because the country is facing the problem of unemployment among graduates. Graduates entrepreneur development program (PPUS) at the Institute of Higher Learning (IPT) sponsored by the Ministry of Entrepreneur and Cooperative Development (MECD). The goal of this program is to foster interest in business among students and thus choose entrepreneurial career when they graduate later. Although many students were trained, only 2.3 per cent of graduates chose entrepreneurship as a career. The objective of this study was to measure the values, attitudes and practices of IPT senior officials on PPUS. Data were collected through a set of questionnaires. Questionnaires were sent to respondents via email. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data and Pearson 'r' correlation was used to study the relationship between variables. A total of 35 senior officials from seven institutions of higher learning (IPTA) have been the respondents. The majority of the respondents held the position of dean and they had no business experience. The respondents have moderately high perceptions of entrepreneurship as a career choice. Senior officials are not confident that entrepreneurship can guarantee the students’ future. Instead, the respondents’ value on PPUS is in a high level, while their attitudes and practices in support of the entrepreneurship program are at a medium high level only. This study made several recommendations for the success of entrepreneurship education at the university level.
ABSTRAK
Sejak kebelakangan ini, pendidikan keusahawanan di peringkat pengajian tinggi di seluruh dunia menjadi semakin popular. Di Malaysia, pendidikan keusahawanan menjadi penting dalam masa yang singkat kerana negara sedang menghadapi masalah penggangguran di kalangan graduat. Program pembangunan usahawan siswa (PPUS) di Institut Pengajian Tinggi (IPT) ditaja oleh Kementerian Pembangunan Usahawan dan Koperasi (MeCD). Matlamat program ini ialah untuk memupuk minat perniagaan di kalangan pelajar dan seterusnya memilih kerjaya keusahawanan apabila mereka tamat pengajian nanti. Walaupun sudah ramai siswa dilatih, hanya 2.3 peratus graduat memilih kerjaya usahawan. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk mengukur nilai, sikap dan amalan pegawai kanan IPT terhadap PPUS. Data dikumpul   melalui satu set borang soal selidik. Soal selidik dihantar kepada responden melalui email. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis data kualitatif dan Korelasi Pearson ‘r’ digunakan untuk mengkaji perkaitan antara pembolehubah. Seramai 35 orang pegawai kanan dari tujuh buah institusi pengajian tinggi awam (IPTA) telah menjadi responden kajian. Majoriti responden menyandang jawatan sebagai dekan dan mereka tidak ada pengalaman perniagaan. Responden mempunyai persepsi yang sederhana tinggi terhadap bidang keusahawanan sebagai kerjaya pilihan. Pegawai kanan tidak yakin bahawa bidang keusahawanan dapat menjamin masa depan pelajar. Sebaliknya, nilai responden terhadap PPUS berada di tahap yang tinggi manakala sikap dan amalan mereka dalam menyokong program keusahawanan berada di tahap sederhana tinggi sahaja. Kajian ini mengemukakan beberapa cadangan bagi menjayakan pendidikan keusahawan di peringkat universiti.
References
Abdullah Hassan dan Ainon Mohd. (1997). Daya pengaruh dan perubahan sikap. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications and Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Ahmad Mahdzan Ayob. (2002). Kaedah penyelidikan sosioekonomi (edisi kedua). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Allport, Gordon. (1954). The Nature of Prejudice. Addison-Wesley.
Baharu Kemat. (1994). Orientasi sikap keusahawanan di kalangan pelajar politeknik di Malaysia. Tesis sarjana pengurusan (tidak diterbitkan). Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Bannock, G. (1981). The economics of small firms, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
Berita Harian. (10 Januari 2009). Dua Program Baru Usahawan Siswazah Dilancar Tahun Depan.
Chua Yan Piaw. (2006). Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan buku 2: Asas statistik penyelidikan. McGraw-Hill Education Sdn. Bhd.
European Commission. (2002). Education and Training for Entrepreneurship. European Commission, Brussels.
Fishbein, M dan Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: an introduction to theory and research; Reading, MA.
Frankfort-Nachmias, C. and Nachmias, D. (1996). Research methods in the social sciences (5th Ed.) London, Arnold.
Giacomino, D. E. and M.D. Akers. (1988). An examination of the differences between personal values and values types of female and male accounting and nonaccounting majors. Issues in Accounting Education. 13, 365-84.
Gibb, A. (1993). The Entreprise culture and education: understanding entreprise education and its links with small business, entrepreneurship and wider education goal, International Small Business Management Journal, 11 (3), 11-34.
Hills, G. (1988). Variations in university entrepreneurship education: an empirical study of an evolving field, Journal of Business Venturing, 3 (2), 109-22.
Ibrahim Mamat, Zaiton Hassan, Zamri Hassan dan Sabasiah Husin. (2002). Menjejaki siswazah UNIMAS: kajian keberkesanan. Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.
Institut Keusahawanan Negara. (2004). Peranan kementerian pembangunan usahawan dan koperasi dalam membangunkan usahawanan: kursus pra persaraan. Kementerian Pembangunan Usahawanan dan Koperasi.
Jabatan Pengajian Tinggi. (2007). Laporan kajian pengesanan graduan IPT 2006, Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi.
Kamus Dewan (Edisi Ketiga). (1997). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Li, Jun, Zhang, Yuli, and Matlay, Harry. (2003). Entrepreneurship education in China. Journal of Education and Training, 45 (8/9), 494 -505.
Llewellyn, D and Wilson, K. (2003). The controversial role of personality traits in entrepreneurial psychology, Education and Training, 45 (3), 341-5.
Mar’at. (1981). Sikap manusia, perubahan serta pengukurannya. Laporan yang tidak diterbitkan.
Mohd Majid Konting. (2000). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mohd Nor Ihkasan dan Wahid Razzaly. (2003). Soal selidik berinternet dalam kajian teknik Delphi untuk pembangunan e-staf di Politeknik Malaysia. Di muat turun dari:http://www.ipbl.edu.my/inter/penyelidikan/seminarpapers/2003
Mohd Salleh Din. (2005). Asas keusahawanan. Thomson Learning.
Morris, M., Kuratko, D., and Schindehutte, M. (2001), Towards integration: understanding integration through frameworks, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 2 (1), 35-49.
Noh Omar. (9 Iulai 2008). Petikan dari Bernama.
Norita Deraman dan rakan-rakan. (2007). Keusahawanan. McGraw Hill.
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (5th Ed). (1995). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Penulis Khas YaPEIM. (11 Jun 2008). Perniagaan Angkat Darjat Ummah, Berita Harian.
Pittaway, L. (2005). Philosophies in entrepreneurship: a focus on economic theories, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 11 (3), 201-21.
Posner, B., Randolph, E., & Schmidt, W. (1987). Managerial values accross functions: a source of organizational problems. Group and Organization Studies, 12 (4), 373-85.
Rozila Rafie. (1997). Sikap pelajar-pelajar Pusat Matrikulasi terhadap bidang keusahawanan: Kes di Pusat Matrikulasi Universiti Utara Malaysia. Tesis sarjana pengurusan (tidak diterbitkan). Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Rozaimy Baharuddin. (2003). Modul OUM: Bab 1 Pengenalan Kepada Keusahawanan. Universiti Terbuka Malaysia.
Schaefermeyer, M. T., and Sewell, E. H. (1988). Communicating by electronic mail. American Behavioral Scientist, 32, 112-23.
Schwartz, S.H. (1992). Universal in the content and structure of values: theoretical advances and empirical test in 20 countries. Boston: Academic Press.
Siegel, Donald, S. & Philip H. Phan, (2005). Analyzing the Effectiveness of University Technology Transfer: Implications for Entrepreneurship Education. Advances in the study of entrepreneurship, inovations and economic growth. 16, 1-38.
Ucapan Y.A.B Perdana Menteri Di Dewan Rakyat, 31 Mac 2006 Semasa Membentangkan Usul Mengenai Rancangan Malaysia Kesembilan 2006-2007.
Walton, A. (2003). The Impact of Interpersonal Factors on Creativity, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 9(4), 146-62.
Werner, John M. dan Randy L. DeSimone. (2009). Human Resource Development. SouthWestern, Cengage Learning.
