Kajian Kes Pelaburan Pendidikan Modal Insan Di Kalangan Suku Kaum Sama-Bajau Di Kota Kinabalu: Halatuju Dan Cabaran
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Sama-Bajau is one of the ethnic ‘Son of the Soil’ and the second largest ethnic in Sabah. To date, the livelihood of Sama-Bajau ethnic has gone through a major evolution where the process of urbanization and globalization have given a direct impact to their wellbeing. Undoubtedly urbanization and globalization have created more challenging environment. In today’s challenging environment, the new generation in general must equip themselves with high levels of education. The respondent of this study focuses on Sama-Bajau ethnic and discusses some of the hurdles that confronted them. Menggatal located in the Municipality of Kota Kinabalu city is one of the areas in Sabah where majority of the Sama-Bajaus are located. The main objective of this research is to examine the level of investment in human capital by Sama-Bajau ethnic. Data analysis is based on primary and secondary. The primary data gathered through questionnaires distributed to the respondent based on the information given by the heads of the villages. A total of 218 heads of the household in Menggatal area were identified as respondent in this research. This study shows that the levels of education among Sama-Bajaus are relatively low. Considering Menggatal area is strategically located where most of the institutions of higher learning both public and private are located, this area is also surrounded by most major business centers as well as housing projects. Thus, it has become a concern of the factors contributing to the low levels of education among the SamaBajau ethnic. This study shows that one of the factors contributing to this problem is the issue of poverty. Poverty is seen as one of the major hurdle hindering most of the people of this ethnicity from providing good education for their children. The awareness on the importance of education among Sama-Bajau’s parents is found to be low. Further, this study shows that parents of these ethnics placing less emphasis on education, as a result high percentage of drop outs among Sama-Bajau ethnic at both SPM and STPM levels. This paper also analyzes the way forward and challenges and concluded with suggestions and policy recommendations towards the importance of investment in human capital for Sama-Bajau in particular and the Bumiputeras of Sabah in general.
ABSTRAK
Sama-Bajau merupakan suku kaum Bumiputera yang kedua terbesar di Sabah. Sehingga kini, kehidupan suku kaum Sama-Bajau mengalami banyak evolusi di mana arus urbanisasi dan globalisasi secara langsung telah memberi impak dalam kehidupan mereka. Arus urbanisasi dan globalisasi ini telah mewujudkan satu suasana yang semakin mencabar. Maka, generasi Sama-Bajau perlu melengkapkan diri mereka dengan tahap pendidikan yang tinggi. Responden kajian ini tertumpu pada etnik Sama-Bajau dan membincangkan beberapa permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh suku kaum ini. Kawasan kajian iaitu Menggatal yang terletak di bandaraya Kota Kinabalu merupakan salah satu kawasan di Sabah yang didiami majoriti masyarakat Sama-Bajau. Kajian ini bertujuan meninjau tahap pelaburan modal insan suku kaum Sama-Bajau. Analisis kajian adalah berdasarkan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperolehi melalui borang soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada responden kajian berdasarkan kepada maklumat yang diperolehi daripada Ketua Kampung. Penyelidik telah memilih 218 ketua isi rumah daripada lima buah kampung di kawasan Menggatal. Daripada kajian ini penyelidik mendapati tahap pendidikan di kalangan suku kaum Sama-Bajau berada di tahap yang rendah. Kawasan Menggatal merupakan kawasan yang strategik di mana kawasan ini di kelilingi oleh pelbagai institusi pendidikan awam dan swasta serta pasaraya moden di samping taman-taman perumahan yang baru. Justeru itu, suasana ini menimbulkan suatu yang menarik perhatian iaitu apakah faktor yang menyumbang kepada tahap pendidikan yang rendah di kalangan etnik Sama-Bajau. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan salah satu punca utama ialah isu kemiskinan. Kemiskinan dilihat telah menjadi penghalang kepada ibubapa menyediakan pendidikan yang sempurna kepada anak mereka. Malah, kajian ini juga mendapati keluarga suku kaum ini mempunyai tahap kesedaran yang rendah tentang pendidikan. Kesannya, berlaku peratus kegagalan yang tinggi di kalangan etnik suku kaum Sama-Bajau dalam peperiksaan SPM dan STPM. Kajian ini turut menganalisis halatuju dan cabaran serta cadangan dan polisi mengenai kepentingan pelaburan dalam modal insan khususnya terhadap suku kaum ini dan kaum Bumiputera di Sabah umumnya.
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