Sumber Stres, Strategi Daya Tindak dan Stres Yang Dialami Pelajar Universiti (The Source of Stressor, Coping Strategies and Stress Experienced by University Students)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the source of stress, coping strategies and stress experienced by students at a university in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. In particular, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between stressors and stress experienced by university students. In addition, this study attempts to examine the coping strategies used by university students in dealing with stress. The study was conducted using a questionnaire. A total of 223 students aged between 19 and 22 years became the subjects of this study. The instruments used include items for measuring stressors, Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS) to measure coping strategies and adapted Student Stress Scale instruments used to measure student stress. Data were analyzed using inferential statistical tests involving Pearson correlation and partial correlation. The results show a significant relationship between the sources of stress and stress experienced by university students. Meanwhile, the overall coping strategy was found to be capable of acting as a mediator for the overall relationship between stressors and stress experienced by students.
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji sumber stres, strategi daya tindak dan stres yang dialami pelajar sebuah universiti di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Secara khususnya, kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi mengenal pasti hubungan antara sumber stres dan stres yang dialami pelajar universiti. Di samping itu, kajian ini cuba meneliti bentuk strategi daya tindak yang digunakan oleh pelajar universiti untuk menangani stres yang dialami. Kajian ini dijalankan menggunakan borang soal selidik. Seramai 223 orang pelajar yang berumur antara 19 hingga 22 tahun dijadikan subjek kajian. Alat kajian yang digunakan merangkumi item-item bagi mengukur sumber stres, Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS) bagi mengukur strategi daya tindak dan alat kajian Stress Student Scale yang telah diubahsuai digunakan untuk mengukur stres pelajar. Data yang diperolehi telah dianalisis menggunakan ujian statistik inferensi melibatkan korelasi Pearson dan korelasi separa (partial correlation). Keputusan yang diperolehi menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sumber stres keseluruhan dan stres yang dialami pelajar universiti. Sementara itu, strategi daya tindak keseluruhan didapati mampu bertindak sebagai perantara (mediator) bagi hubungan antara sumber stres keseluruhan dan stres yang dialami pelajar.
References
Abouserie, R. (1994). Sources and levels of stress in relation to locus of control and self-esteem in university students. Educational Psychology, 14(3): 323-331.
Archer, J.J., and Lammin, A. (1985). An investigation of personal and academic stressors on college campuses. Journal of College Student Personnel, 26: 210-215.
Ball, J., Sharifah Muzlia Syed Mustafa and Mosselle, K. (1999a). Help-Seeking Psychological Problem among Malay College Students, 79-90. Dlm. Mohammad Haji-Yusuf and Abdul Halim Othman (peny.) Afro-Asia Psychology: Clinical, Counseling and Physiological Perspectives. Bangi: UKM.
Ball, J., Sharifah Muzlia Syed Mustafa and Mosselle, K. (1999b). Stress among Malay College Students. Dlm. Mohammad Haji-Yusuf and Abdul Halim Othman (peny.) Afro-Asia Psychology: Clinical, Counseling and Physiological Perspectives. Bangi: UKM.
Beasley, M., Thompson, T. and Davidson, J. (2003). Resilience in response to life stress: The effects of coping style cognitive hardiness. Personality and Individual Differences, 34: 77-95.
Berry, L. M. (1998). Psychology at work. 2nd ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Bojuwoye, O. (2002). Stressful experience of first year student of selected universities in South Africa. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 15(3): 277-290.
Charles, S.C. and Michael, F.S. (1994). Situational coping and coping dispositions in a stressful transaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(1): 184-195.
Diane, A. and Misty, B. (1997). A study of stress, stressors and coping strategies. Social Work in Education, 19: 87-99.
Fatimah wati Abdul Halim dan Wan Sharazad Wan Sulaiman. (2001). Personaliti serta hubungannya dengan sumber tekanan, simptom-simptom tekanan, strategi menangani tekanan dan prestasi akademik pelajar. Jurnal Psikologi dan Pembangunan Manusia, 17: 117-134.
Folkman, S. and Lazarus, R.S. (1985). If it changes it must be a process: A study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48: 150-170.
Frydenberg, E., and Lewis, R. (1993). Adolescent Coping Scale: Administrator’s manual. Hawthorn, Victoria: Australian Council for the Education Research.
Gadzella, B. M., Fullwood, H. L., and Ginther, D. W. (1991). Student-life Stress Inventory. Paper presented at the Texas Psychology Convention, San Atonio, TX (ERIC 350343).
Hall, A. S., and Torres, I. (2002). Partnerships in preventing adolescent stress: Increasing selfesteem, coping, and support through effective counseling. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 24(2): 97-110.
Hew Yeat Li. (2006). Tekanan Akademik dan Akulturasi di Kalangan Pelajar Antarabangsa. Latihan Ilmiah. UKM, Bangi.
Jas Laile Suzana Jaafar. (1996). Psikologi Kanak-kanak dan Remaja. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Kohn, J. P., and Frazer, G. H. (1986). An academic stress scale: Identification and rated importance of academic stressors. Psychological Reports, 59: 415-426.
Lahey, B.B. (2001). Psychology an Introduction. USA: McGraw Hill.
Lailawati Madlan. (2006). Pengaruh Kecerdasan Emosi Ke Atas Stres dan Masalah Disiplin Pelajar. Sekolah Psikologi dan Kerja Sosial, Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Mahadir Ahmad, Shazli Ezzat Ghazali, Normah Che Din dan Ponnusamy Subramaniam. (2004). Tekanan hidup, daya tindak dan impaknya ke atas distres psikologi di kalangan pelajar kolej. Proceedings of the National Stress Conference, 23 dan 24 Ogos, Pacific Sutera Hotel, Kota Kinabalu, 143-151.
Marni binti Mohd. Ibrahim. (2005). Tekanan di Kalangan Pelajar Antarabangsa: Perbandingan di antara IPTA dan IPTS Malaysia. Sarjana Muda. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Mazni Mustapha, Mohammad Haji-Yusuf dan Sapora Sipon. (2003). Wanita dan Stres: Satu Kajian Ke Atas Sampel Remaja. Laporan Penyelidikan Fundamental Kajian Wanita dan Stres. Sekolah Psikologi dan Kerja Sosial: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Mazni Mustapha, Mohammad Haji-Yusuf dan Sapora Sipon. (2004). Wanita dan stres: Satu kajian ke atas sampel remaja. Proceedings of the National Stress Conference, 23 dan 24 Ogos, Pacific Sutera Hotel, Kota Kinabalu, 143-151.
McNamara, S. (2000). Stress in Young People: What’s New and What Can We Do?. New York: Continuum.
Najeemah Mohd Yusof. (2005). Stres pelajar dan hubungannya dengan keputusan peperiksaan dalam kalangan pelajar tingkatan lima di Sungai Petani, Kedah. Prasidang Persidangan Psikologi Malaysia 2005, 30 Julai – 2 Ogos 2005, Hotel Promenade, Kota Kinabalu.
Najib Ahmad Marzuki, Che Su Mustaffa, Zarina Mat Saad dan Suhanim Abdullah. (2005). Permasalahan pelajar wanita UUM. Prasidang Persidangan Psikologi Malaysia 2005, 30 Julai – 2 Ogos 2005, Hotel Promenade, Kota Kinabalu.
Plucker, J. A. (1997). Psychometric characteristics of the adolescents coping scale with academically gifted adolescents. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 9(1): 5-15.
Plunckett, S.C., Radmacher, K.A. and Moll-Phanara, D. (2000). Adolescent life events, stress and coping: A comparison of communities and genders. Professional School Counseling, 3: 356-366.
Rice, P.L. (1999). Stress and health. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Sabitha Marican dan Mahmood Nazar Mohamed. (1997). Strategi daya tindak terhadap stres. Pascasidang Seminar Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi, 9–10 Jun 1997, Hotel Promenade, Kota Kinabalu.
Sinha, B.K., Willson, L.R., and Watson, D.C. (2000). Stress and coping among students in India and Canada. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 32(4).
Siti Zaleha Binti Ahmad. (2005). Tekanan di kalangan pelajar antarabangsa: tahap tekanan dan daya tindak bagi pelajar di IPT Malaysia. UKM. Sarjana Muda.
Suriani Abdul Hamid dan Suraini Mohd Rhouse. (2005). Punca tekanan pelajar di universiti: Satu perbandingan antara gender. Prasidang Persidangan Psikologi Malaysia 2005, 30 Julai – 2 Ogos 2005, Hotel Promenade, Kota Kinabalu.
Yahaya Mahamood, Fatimah Yusoof, NorBa’yah Abdul Kadir dan Azaman Ahmad. (2005). Tingkah laku delinkuens dan hubungannya dengan kemurungan, sokongan sosial dan kesejahteraan di kalangan remaja perempuan di Pusat Pemulihan di bawah kelolaan Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat Malaysia. Prasidang Persidangan Psikologi Malaysia 2005, 30 Julai – 2 Ogos 2005, Hotel Promenade, Kota Kinabalu.
Yusliza bt. Mad Yusuf. (2004). Tekanan di Kalangan pelajar institusi pengajian tinggi: satu kajian kes di UKM. Latihan Ilmiah. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
Zuraimah Binti Noor. (2005). Tahap Tekanan di kalangan pelajar antarabangsa di IPT di Malaysia. Sarjana Muda. UKM.
