THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG TRAINEES CHARACTERISTICS, TRAINING DESIGN AND WORK ENVIRONMENT WITH TRAINING TRANSFER
Abstract
ABSTRACT ÂThis study is an attempt to address the relationship between characteristic of trainees, the training design and the working environment and the transfer of training. 211 respondents from different positions in the Malaysian Royal Customs Department of Johore who have attended a customs course took part in the survey. A questionnaire was used as the main data collection method. Spearmen Rank Correlation analysis was used to find direction and strength of correlation between each dependent and independent variables. The result analysis showed that there are significant relationship between the transfer of training and all the independent variable mentioned. Characteristics of the trainees, that is personality, ability and motivation have a direct relationship with the transfer of training From the aspect of the training design, the contents of the training, learning principles and arrangement of learning activities, there is a direct and significant relationship with the training of transfer. Working environment, that is organizational support, information communication technology (ICT) and work place facilities, and opportunities to apply knowledge, skill and ability (KSA) gained from the training have direct and significant relationship with the transfer of training. The findings of the research showed that majority of respondents displayed average personality characteristics. The majority of the respondents were also of the opinion that the training design and the work environment are at average level.
References
Adamson, P dan Caple, J. (1996). The Training And Development Audit Evolves: Is Your Training and Development Budget Wasted? Journal of European Industrial Training. 20(5) pp. 3-12.
Baldwin, T.T dan Ford, J.K. (1988). Transfer of Training: A Review And Directions for Future Research Personnel Psychology. 41. pp. 63-105.
Broad, M.L dan Newstrom, J.W. (1992). Transfer of Training: Action-Packed Strategies to Ensure High Payoff From Training Investments. New York: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
Campbell, J.P. (1994). Personnel Training And Development Annual Review of Psychology. 22. pp 79-95.
Carolyn, M.A., Mailtlis, S dan Shawan. (1997). Predicting Immediate and Longer-Term of Training Personnel Review. 26. pp. 201-213.
Cheng, W.L dan Ho, C.K. (2001a). A Review of Transfer of Training Studies in the Past Decade Personnel Review. 30. pp. 102-118.
Cheng, W.L dan Ho, C.K. (1998). The Effects of Some Attitudal And Organizational Factors On Transfer Outcome Journal of Managerial Psychology. 13. pp.5-6
Clements, C.J dan Josiam, B.M. (1995). Training: Quantifying the Financial Benefits International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 07(1). pp. 10-15.
Dessler, G. (1997). Human Resource Management. New Jersey: Prentice Hall International Inc.
Donovan, P., Hannigan, K dan Crowe, D.(2001). The Learning Transfer System Approach To Estimating The Benefits of Training: Empirical Evidence Journal of European Industrial Training. 25. pp. 2-4.
Eden, D dan Shani, A.B.(1982). Pygmalion Goes to boot camp: Expectancy Leadership And Trainee Performance Journal of Applied Psychology, 67. pp. 194-199.
Elangovan, A.R dan Karakowsky , L. (1999). The Role of Trainee And Environmental Factors In Transfer of Training: An Exploratory Framework Leadership And Organizational Development Journal, 20(5). pp 234-55
Ford, J.K., Quinones, M.A, Sego, D.J dan Sorra, J.S. (1992). Factors Affecting The Opportunity to Perform Trained Tasks on The Job Personnel Psychology. Durham, Autumn 1992. Vol. 45.
Ford, J.K., dan Weissbein, D.A. (1997). Transfer of Training: An Updated Review and Analysis Performance Improvement Quarterly. 10(2). pp. 22-41.
Foxon, M. (1993). A Process Approach To The Transfer of Training Part 1: The Impact of Motivational And Superior Support on Transfer Maintenance Training And Development Journal. 36(10). pp. 75-78.
Goldstein, I.L .(1993). Training in Organizations. Needs Assessment, Development And Evaluation. 3rd Edition, Belmont, California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Mumford, A.(1986). Handbook of Management Development. England: Gower Publishing Co. Ltd.
Noe, R.A. (2000). Employee Training & Development. US: Irwin-Mcgraw-Hill.
Tannenbaum, S.I dan Yuki, G.A. (1992). Training And Development in Work Organization. Annual Review of Psychology. 43. pp. 399-441.
Wagner, R.J dan Campbell, J. (1994). Outdoor-based Experiential Training: Improving Transfer of Training Using Virtual Reality Journal of Management Development. 13(7). pp.4-11.
Wills, M. (1993). Managing The Training. Process, London:
