SAINS TINGKAH LAKU: BEBERAPA CABARAN DAN TREND
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Over the past three decades, employees, organizations and countries are requested to continue to work hard to achieve greater success. Globalization and the rapid development in few technologies and the emergence of more sophisticated consumers had led to competition becoming increasingly has led to competition becoming increasingly intense and persistent. Accordingly, various strategies are used to continuously improve the competitiveness and dominance of regional and global businesses. These include process reengineering, corporate culture, total quality management, flexibility, integration and many others. The recession that hit around 1980s and 1990s forced the organization to change strategies to ensure that they can continue to compete well. Among the efforts made include restructured equity structure, miniaturization and others. These developments continue to occur and it is in line with developments in the world of science in the centers of higher education, especially in developed countries. Sometimes the world of science to lead the development of the business sector, while at other times the business world to drive change and development in the world of science. Therefore, this article aims to describe the unfolding developments in the field of behavioral science with the aim that it will be able to give directions of development of these fields in the future. It can also be used for various purposes such as business and academic sector research, determining the areas of focus and others.
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ABSTRAK
Sejak tiga dekad yang lalu, para pekerja, organisasi dan Negara diminta untuk terus bekerja dengan lebih kuat untuk mencapai kejayaan yang lebih cemerlang. Globalisasi dan pembangunan pesat dalam beberapa jenis teknologi serta kemunculan kelompok pengguna yang semakin sofistikated menyebabkan persaingan menjadi semakin sengit dan berterusan. Sehubungan dengan itu, pelbagai strategi digunakan untuk terus meningkatkan daya saing dan penguasaan perniagaan serantau dan global. Antaranya ialah proses penjuruteraan semula, pemupukan budaya korporat, pengurusan kualiti menyeluruh, fleksibiliti, pengganungan dan lain-lain lagi. Kemelesetan ekonomi yang melanda di sekitar tahun 1980-an dan 1990-an pula telah memaksa organisasi mengubah strategi untuk memastikan mereka dapat terus bersaing dengan baik. Antara usaha-usaha yang dibuat termasuklah melakukan penyusunan semula, pemerataan struktur, pengecilan saiz dan lain-lain. Perkembangan tersebut terus berlaku dan ianya seiring dengan perkembangan yang berlaku dalam dunia ilmu di pusat-pusat pengajian tinggi, terutamanya di Negara-negara maju. Kadang-kadang dunia perniagaan memacu perubahan dan perkembangan dalam dunia ilmu. Justeru itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk menghuraikan perkembangan yang sedang berlaku dalam bidang sains tingkah laku dengan tujuan ianya akan dapat memberikan arah tujuan perkembangan bidang tersebut pada masa depan. Ia juga boleh digunakan untuk pelbagai tujuan sektor perniagaan dan akademik seperti penyelidikan, menentukan bidang focus dan lain-lain lagi.
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